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10a
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(1) |
Organism is a vertebrate: a fish, frog, turtle, or bird. { Paired, typical vertebrate eyes present on head. Free-swimming in or on water or on shore, or wading, or flying
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[25 ]
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10b
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Organism is not a fish, frog, turtle, or bird. { Free-swimming, crawling, burrowing, flying, or attached (sessile). Eyes generally very simple (for example, pigment spots), with or without a lens and lacking an iris (no variable pupil size), OR eyes multi-faceted, OR eyes absent altogether
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[11]
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The term "invertebrates" is simply a general reference to animals that are not vertebrates. Certainly in terms of number of species, the vast majority of invertebrates in fresh or brackish water are microscopic in size (under 5 mm or 3/16 inch). These organisms might be seen with a magnifying lens or under a dissecting microscope, but many more can be examined in detail only by mounting a sample of water or submerged vegetation on a glass slide (wet mount) and viewing with a compound microscope at 100X power or greater. The identification key provided here, while in places requiring specimen magnification to determine certain organism characteristics, does not cover these "microscopic" invertebrates. A listing of Hawaiian aquatic invertebrates, including references to useful identification materials, is provided elsewhere in CPIE.
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Key to Aquatic Invertebrates
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[INVERTEBRATES]
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11a |
(10) |
Organism sessile: {attached or fixed to substratum such as a rock or plant. Animal may be a colony of individuals (called zooids) connected within a common covering (a matrix or cuticle); OR an aggregation (close together or even attached, but individuals not physiologically connected); OR an isolated individual
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[12] |
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11b |
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Organism neither sessile nor colonial; { may be free swimming, floating, walking, or flying; OR may be buried in soft substrata such as mud or sand, but not so attached that it cannot be removed without damage
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[15]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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12a |
(11) |
Animal colonial or not, but without a skeleton (soft bodied) OR skeleton consisting of either a thin cuticle, internal fibers, or internal spicules (needle-like structures)
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[13]
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12b
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Animal not colonial (although individuals may be aggregated) and having an external skeleton of some kind: jointed plates or a one or two-piece shell (valve)
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[14]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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[NOTE THREE CHOICES HERE]
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13a |
(12) |
Animal is a colony of individuals (zooids) connected by stolons or encased in a mass with a common covering (a matrix or cuticle) which may be hard or soft. Zooids with tentacles. Moss animals (Bryozoans)
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[45]
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13b
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Animal not colonial (although reproduction by budding may produce attached juveniles). Without a skeleton; soft bodied, tubular, and with tentacles. Hydras
~ Phylum CNIDARIA ~ Class HYDROZOA
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[55]
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13c
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Animal is a mass with "individuals" not evident, more or less encrusting, with numerous voids (sponge-like). Structural skeleton consisting of either stiff internal fibers or spicules or both. Sponges
~ Phylum PORIFERA
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[12]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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[NOTE THREE CHOICES HERE]
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14a
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(12) |
Cone-shaped and comprised of interlocking plates surrounding an opening with two, bipartite, plated valves. Marine and estuarine, never fresh water. Barnacles
~ Phylum ARTHROPODA ~ Subphylum CRUSTACEA ~ Infraclass CIRRIPEDIA
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[33]
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14b |
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Cap-shaped and closely adherent but not cemented down; OR bivalved (shell having two more or less equal parts) and cemented down by one valve, or attached by a byssus (strong threads)
~ Phylum MOLLUSCA
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[33]
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14c |
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Worm-shaped: shell a white (calcareous) tube attached to hard substrata in brackish water or near the sea [see Fig. A3-1]
~ Phylum ANNELIDA ~ Subclass POLYCHAETA ~ Family SERPULIDAE
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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15a |
(11) |
Animal has an external skeleton: either jointed plates which cover all of the body and limbs, or just certain parts (for example, the head); OR skeleton is a shell which is cap-like or coiled (like a snail) or hinged (like a clam)
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[16]
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15b |
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Animal soft-bodied, without an external hard covering; although internal structural supports may be present
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[17]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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16a |
(15) |
Animal has a jointed exoskeleton; { most or all parts of body sclerotized (encased in a stiff material called chitin) which is extensively jointed for flexibility; OR at a minumum the body appears soft but the head is sclerotized
~ Phylum ARTHROPODA
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[25]
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16b
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Essentially soft-bodied individual housed in an external shell that may be coiled, cap-like, or bipartite (two parts)
~ Phylum MOLLUSCA
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[33]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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17a
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(15) |
Animal worm-like (vermiform) or grub-like; body segmented or annulated (constricted in rings at regular intervals; may require magnification)
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[21]
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17b
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Animal either not worm-like, or if worm-like, then lacking multiple constrictions or repetitive external structures down the length of the body that indicate segmentation
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[18]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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<
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18a
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(17) & (20) |
Animal worm-like with a sucker (attachment disc) at each end. Body faintly annulated. Leeches
~ Subclass HIRUDINAE
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[see
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18b
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Animal more or less worm-like, but with no or only one attachment disc. (NOTE: in many leeches the front attachment disk is small and difficult to see without magnification)
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[19]
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~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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[NOTE THREE CHOICES HERE]
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19a
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(18) |
Animal hair-like, extremely thin, several centimeters long. Diameter the same throughout, except at ends. When alive, moving by slowly writhing and coiling. Freshwater ponds and streams. Horsehair worm
~ Phylum NEMATOMORPHA
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19b
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Small (1 to 30 mm), distinctly flattened worm with one or more pairs of eyespots on the upper (dorsal) surface near a bluntly rounded front end
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[22]
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19c
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Tubular and with tentacles; lacking eyespots. Usually attaching to vegetation by a basal disc. Hydra
~ Phylum CNIDARIA ~ Class HYDROZOA
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[55]
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